Peculiarities of Newspaper Style in English and Ukrainian Languages 002
Розміщено 13-05-10 у розділі Освіта.
Differences and Similarities between Ukrainian and English Newspaper Styles (Різниця між українським і англійським журналістськими діловими стилями)
According to I. R. Galperin, the English newspaper writing dates from the 17-th century. It was the last of all the styles of written literary English to be recognized as a specific form of writing standing apart from other forms. But it happened only by the 19-th century that newspaper English developed into a system of language media, forming a separate function style.
The specific conditions of newspaper publication, the restriction of time and space, have left an indelible mark on newspaper English. For more than a century writers and linguists have been vigorously attacking “the slipshod construction and the vulgar vocabulary” of newspaper English. The very term newspaper English carried a shade of disparagement.(Galperin :296). And really when we translate some English article into Ukrainian, we may use some neutral or even bookish words instead of collocations, whereas when we translate some Ukrainian article into English the situation is quite the reverse – we use many colloquialisms so that to create a real English newspaper style. Yet Fedorov wrote that “newspaper-texts – in contradiction to other texts – are very seldom translated completely and in “pure form” (A.B.Федоров 1977:208). Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Peculiarities of Newspaper Style in English and Ukrainian Languages 001
The Role of Mass Media in Our Life (Роль мас медіа чи засобів масової інформації у нашому житті)
“When people ask about the effects of media they generally turn out to be interested in something else of which media might be a cause such as violence or political bias. A history of media could easily slip into being a history of a society as a whole. This in itself reflects the centrality of media in our lives.” (Colin Seymour-Ure 1991:239) Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Classification of Ukrainian Colloquial Vocabulary
Класифікація української розмовної мови
The whole word-stock of Ukrainian language can also be divided into standard and non-standard or colloquial. But the classification of colloquial vocabulary is a bit different in comparison with English. The whole colloquial vocabulary is subdivided into literary colloquial words and low colloquial words. There is a difference between these two layers. The literary colloquial vocabulary consists of the words which, being the part of literary norm, give the expressions some colloquial character. Literary colloquial words are characterized by emotionality, expressiveness and estimation. This expressiveness is rendered by exclamations or similar words and word-combinations: [гультяй, замазура, мастак, перекинчик, розбишака, телепень, верзтися, віднаджувати, макітритися, літувати, лопотіти, лупцювати, маніжитися, шастати, теревенити, ахкати, ойкати, хвацький, навсидячки, бозна-скільки, достобіса, хрусь, трісь, бах, гах and others]. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Classification of English Colloquial Vocabulary
Класифікація англійської розмовної мови
I. V. Arnold notes that the term “colloquial” is old enough: Dr.Johnson, the great English lexicographer, used it. Yet with him it had a definitely derogatory flavor. Johnson thought colloquial words are inconsistent with good usage and, thinking that to reform the English language was his duty, he advised “to clear it from colloquial barbarisms”. By the end of the 19-th century with Neo-grammarians the description of colloquial speech came into its own, and linguists began to study the vocabulary that people actually use under various circumstances and not what they may be justified in using. (A. 1973:273).
As employed in our time, the adjective “colloquial” does not necessary mean “slangy” or “vulgar”, although slang and vulgar vocabulary make part of colloquial vocabulary. (A. 1973:274). Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verb ought to
Типи значень, які виражає модальне дієслово ought to
The verb ought descends from the verb agan past tense ahte, which had in the Old English the meaning “to have, to own (possess)”. Under the influence of the row of phonetic events on time of the Early English period the infinitive agan changed into owe, and the past tense into ought. The verb agan – owe passed a complicated way of the development, as a result of which it took a new, transition meaning “to be due (owe)” (money etc.), and also more general meaning of obligation, as for example:
Also ye owen to encline and bowe youre herte to take the patience… (Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 401).
(Ви повинні також схилити своє серце до терпіння…) [6; p. 62]. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verb will
Типи значень, які виражає модальне дієслово will
The verb will is an auxiliary verb of the future, and it is its main function in English language. The verb will has the following forms: will – the present tense and would – the past tense.
The verb will descends from the Old English verb willan, which expressed wish, desire, intention. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verbs shall and should
Типи значень, які виражають модальні дієслова shall і should
Verb shall in ancient period has the form “sceal”. Primary and more concrete meaning of “scea”l was modeless – “to be due”(smth.), in Modern English “owe”:
e.g. Hu mycel scealt pu minnum hlaforde? (An.-Sax. Dict., 843).
(Скільки ти винен моєму господарю?) [6; p.65].
In the Old English verb “sceal” was used with modal meanings in combination with the infinitive. It expressed different shades of necessity, obligation.
Ne sculon ye no pyncean eow selfum to wise (Alfr., G.P.C., II, 306). (You must not think yourself too wise) [6; p.65].
Since Old English period verb shall had lost its primary meaning and became an auxiliary verb. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verb must
Типи значень, які виражає модальне дієслово must
In the Old English language there was the verb mót with the basic meaning “to have a permission, possibility, to be able”. While comparing with Modern English it corresponds to the verb may in combinations “to be allowed, to have opportunity”. Sometimes, though seldom, verb mót was found in the meaning “to be obliged to”.
Modern verb must historically ascends to the conjunctive form of past tense of the verb mót – móste. Since XV and in XVI century must has the meaning of present tense.
When combined with any form of the infinitive must expresses probability, near certainty. It has the same meaning as the modal words probably, evidently. In this sense must occurs only in positive statements and corresponds to the Ukrainian modal words напевно, мабуть. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verb may
Типи значень, які виражає модальне дієслово may
Primary meaning of the verb may (Old English mæg ) was “to be strong, to have a power or authority; to be able, can”, in Modern English – the meaning “to be strong or able, can”.
In the meaning of power, strength, health, as for example:
ic mæg wel (I am in good health), hu mæg he? (how is he?) – mæg finds the analogy in such Ukrainian colloquialisms as “щось не можеться”. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
Types of meanings denoted by the verb can
Типи значень, які виражає модальне дієслово can
The primary meaning of the modal verb can was “to know”; “to know” in terms of “to be acquainted with sb./smth.”, and also “to hold the knowledge of smth. practically” (for example, to know a language etc.). Thus, in the Old period of the history of the English language Ic hi ne cude meant I did not know them. The same in the Middle English period, for example – I can no termen of astrologie, which meant: I do not know any terms of astrology.
Around the Early Modern English period the meaning “to know” of the verb can was lost. Along with the meaning “to know’ modal verb can had also in Old English period the meaning “to be able to” and in this case was used with the infinitive of another verb. Change of the meaning came from “to know” to “to know, how (to do smth.)”, “to be able to”. Далі>>
Теги: in English, дипломні
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