Reproduction of Stylistic Functions of Colloquialisms
Розміщено 26-04-10 у розділі Освіта.
The Diploma paper “Reproduction of Stylistic Functions of Colloquialisms” – дипломна робота про переклад розмовної мови. У роботі розглядаються типи перекладу, методи перекладу, можливі неточності, особливості інформаційних стилів у англійській та українській мовах, класифікація англійської розмовної мови та української розмовної мови, відтворення експресивної та прагматичної функцій мови. Робота подається частково. Вся робота у форматі .doc коштуватиме грошей :Р
Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I. General Concepts and Kinds of Translation:
1.1 Translation Types;
1.2 Methods of Translation;
1.3 Translation Loss.
Chapter II. Peculiarities of Newspaper Style in English and Ukrainian Languages:
2.1 The Role of Mass Media in Our Life;
2.2 Differences and Similarities between English and Ukrainian Newspaper Styles;
2.3 Colloquial Vocabulary:
a) Classification of English Colloquial Vocabulary;
b) Classification of Ukrainian Colloquial Vocabulary.
Chapter III. Reproduction of Stylistic Functions of Colloquialisms in English Translations:
3.1 Reproduction of Expressive Function;
3.2 Reproduction of Pragmatic Function.
Conclusions
Reference List
Introduction
Newspaper language is one of the least investigated linguistic areas. The vocabulary of a newspaper is a mixture of literary and colloquial words, so that it could be close to everyday speech and could be easily understood by the majority of people.
In modern newspaper style the colloquial vocabulary is a dominant stylistic component. Although the stylistic functions of colloquialisms seem to have been studied extensively by scholars, the peculiarities of these speech units still require further investigation.
So, the aim of this Diploma Paper is to throw some light on stylistic functions of colloquialisms in the mass media style and analyse how they are reproduced in translations. We suppose, this problem requires further investigation because there is no clear-cut concept about the role and place of such a vocabulary in newspaper style. The study of peculiarities and functions of stylistically marked vocabulary helps describe the newspaper style fully and clarify its place among other functional styles.
The issue of a newspaper language was raised for the first time in Soviet linguistics by G. O. Vinokur. The scholar attached great importance to one of the functions of newspaper language – informative, underestimating the other two – pragmatic and expressive, which are, probably, more important, especially in modern post-Soviet journalism. Another student of the newspaper language, V. G. Kostomarov, paid great importance to these two functions (Обердорф 1971:1-2). Because the aim of any newspaper is not only to relay the news or to comment on the political events of the day, but to convince the reader that the interpretation of the facts covered by the paper is the only correct one. And that conviction can be reached not only by logical argumentation, but by emotional appeal as well. As I. R. Galperin notes, elements of appraisal may be observed in the very selection or way of presentation of news, in the use of specific vocabulary, which contains terms, newspaper cliches, emotionally colored vocabulary and stylistic devices (I. R. Galperin 1973:296).
Special attention should be paid to the expressive function inasmuch as to render expression is more difficult than to render information.
We believe it would be useful to analyze lexical units of a spoken language in the newspaper style because this is the most dynamic and productive group which gives expressiveness and emotionality to the text and serves as a vehicle of such emotions as irony, satire and sarcasm.
This Diploma Paper consists of an Introduction, three Chapters and a Reference List, the total number of references amounting to … .
In the Introduction the structure of the Paper is explained.
Chapter I deals with general concepts and kinds of translation.
Chapter II tackles the issues related to the newspaper style, describing its peculiarities, giving the classification of colloquialisms and exemplifying their various stylistic functions of colloquialisms in the mass media style.
In Chapter III we describe stylistic functions of colloquialisms and analyze their reproduction into English in newspaper style.
Conclusions sum up the results of the research.
The Reference List includes literature referred to in this Diploma Paper.
The object of this Diploma Paper is colloquialisms and their stylistic functions in mass media style.
The aim of our research is to see how the stylistic functions of ST colloquialisms have been reproduced in the TT.
The goals are to elucidate the ways of rendering into English of colloquialisms of various kinds: literary, low, slang words, jargonisms, and to assess the quality of translations.
Translations of The Den’, a Kyiv-based daily newspaper, served as linguistic material for our study.
In our work we have used the following methods of research: linguistic description, analytical comparison and componential analysis.
I. General Concepts and Kinds of Translation
Translation plays a great role in the development of economic, scientific, cultural relationships between people of different nations. Translation is a very old type of human activity. It would be difficult to imagine such known historical facts as creation of huge empires, cultural, social and religious changes in different nations without this phenomenon. But today the translation activity is in the peak of its development. International trades, international correspondence, different diplomatic activities assumed unheard-of proportions. Tremendous growth of science and technology led to the necessity of exchange of information. All these changes caused the appearance of thousands of translators, informators, secretaries.
Contemporary translation activities are characterized by a great variety of types, forms and levels of responsibility. The translator has to deal with works of the great authors of the past and of the leading authors of today, with intricacies of science fiction and the accepted stereotypes of detective stories. He must be able to cope with the elegance of expression of the best masters of literary style and with the tricks and formalistic experiments of modern avant-gardists. The translator has to preserve and fit into a different linguistic and social context a gamut of shades of meaning and stylistic nuances expressed in the original text by a great variety of language devices: neutral and emotional words, archaic words and new coinages, metaphors and similes, foreign borrowings, dialectal, jargon and slang expressions, proverbs and quotations, illiterate or inaccurate speech, and so on and so forth.
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going on since at least the first century BC. Up to the beginning of the nineteenth century, many writers favored some kind of ‘free’ translation: the spirit, not the letter; the sense not the words; the message rather than the form; the matter not the manner. This was the often revolutionary slogan of writers who wanted the truth to be read and understood – Tyndale and Dolet were burned at the stake, Wycliff’s works were burned. Then at the turn of the nineteenth century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that language was entirely the product of culture, the view that translation was impossible gained some currency, and with it that, if attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible. This view culminated in the statements of the extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nabokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now the context has changed, but the basic problem remains. (Newmark 1988:45).
1.1 Translation Types
The classifications of translation types are many, but essentially overlapping in scope and long-standing in tradition.
Though the basic characteristics of translation can be observed in all translation events, different types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominant communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process. Thus we can distinguish between literary and informative translation, on the one hand, and between written and oral, on the other hand.
Literary translation deals with literary texts, i.e. works of fiction or poetry whose main function is to make an emotional or aesthetic impression upon the reader. Their communicative value depends, first and foremost, on their artistic quality and the translator’s primary task is to reproduce this quality in translation.
Informative translation is rendering into the target language non-literary texts, the main purpose of which is to convey a certain amount of ideas, to inform the reader. A literary text may, in fact, include some parts of purely informative character. Contrariwise, informative translation may comprise some elements aimed at achieving an aesthetic effect. Within each group further gradation can be made to bring out more specific problems in literary or informative translation.
Literary works are known to fall into a number of genres. Literary translation may be subdivided into the translations of prose, poetry and plays. Each of these forms comprises a number of subgenres and the translator may specialize in one or some of them in accordance with his talents and experience. The great challenge to the translator is to combine the maximum equivalence and the high literary merit.
A number of subdivisions can also be suggested for informative translations, though the principles of classification here are somewhat different. Here we may single out translation of scientific and technical texts, of newspaper materials, of official papers and some other types of texts, such as public speeches, political and propaganda materials, advertisements, which are, so to speak, intermediate, in that there is a certain balance between the expressive and referential functions, between reasoning and emotional appeal.
Some remarks should be made about the obvious classification of translations as written or oral. In written translation the source text is in written form, as is the target text. In oral translation or interpretation the interpreter listens to the oral presentation of the original and translates it as an oral message in TL. As a result, in the first case the Receptor of the translation can read it while in the second case he hears it.
The line of demarcation between written and oral translation is drawn not only because of their forms but also because of the sets of conditions in which the process takes place. The first is continuous, the other momentary. In written translation the original can be read and reread as many times as the translator may need or like. The conditions of oral translation impose a number of important restrictions on the translator’s performance. Here the interpreter receives a fragment of the original only once and for a short time. There are two main kinds of oral translation: consecutive and simultaneous. In consecutive translation the translating starts after the original speech or some part of it has been completed. Here the interpreter’s strategy and the final results depend, to a great extent, on the length of the segment to be translated.
In simultaneous interpretation the interpreter is supposed to be able to give his translation while the speaker is uttering the original message. This types of translation involves a number of psycholinguistic problems, both of theoretical and practical nature (V. N. Komissarov, A. L. Koralova 1990:51-55).
Translation types can also be classified by function. Katharina Reiss makes her division on the basis of the source text – assuming that the target text will serve a closely related purpose. She claims that all texts are intended to be informative, expressive, or operative. An informative text (e.g., textbook, scientific report, letter of introduction) instructs. An expressive text (e.g., belles-lettres, creative writing) affects. An operative text (e.g., advertisements, political speeches, propaganda) persuades (Marilyn Gaddis Rose:32).
Теги: in English, дипломні
